Side turn / marker lamp

ABSTRACT

A lamp comprising a housing, at least one planar substrate supporting a plurality of light sources, and a light directing member comprising a plurality of reflective surfaces. Each of the reflective surfaces is generally parabolic and reflects light emitted from the plurality of light sources. A lamp comprising a housing, at least one planar substrate, a plurality of light sources supported by each planar substrate, a lens, and a light directing member that reflects light emitted from the plurality of light sources. The light directing member produces a light distribution pattern spanning substantially five degrees to substantially ninety degrees in one direction along the longitudinal axis of said lamp.

PRIORITY CLAIM

[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/366,099 filed Mar. 19, 2002, which is incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

[0002] The Society of Automotive Engineers (hereinafter “SAE”) publishes many new, revised and reaffirmed standards each year in three categories, including Ground Vehicle Standards, which are also referred to as the J-Standards. Information on these standards is available on the World Wide Web at www.sae.org.

[0003] The SAE standards specify certain photometric requirements for vehicle lamps including candela requirements and locations from which the requirements are measured. SAE standard J2039 (May 2001) is the current standard for side turn signal lamps for long vehicles. SAE standard J592 (August 2000) is the current SAE standard for clearance, side marker, and identification lamps. The Department of Transportation (DOT), however, in its Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, 49 C.F.R. §571.108 (2000), (“FMVSS 108”) has adopted SAE Standard J592e (1972) for clearance, side marker, and identification lamps.

[0004] J2039 standard defines a side turn lamp as the signaling element of a turn signal system, which indicates a change in direction by giving a flashing light on the side toward which the turn or lane change will be made. J2039 provides test procedures, requirements and guidelines for side turn signal lamps intended for use in trailers 12 meters or more in overall length. The side turn signals may also be used on other large vehicles such as trucks, truck tractors, buses and any other application where this type of lighting is desired.

[0005] A turn, or directional, signal lamp should be visible, if possible, from any point with respect to the vehicle. Moreover, to be considered visible, the lamp should provide a minimum of 13 cm² of unobstructed projected area when the light emitting surface of the lens is projected parallel to a horizontal plane in any direction from 0 degrees to 85 degrees right for curbside lamp and to a vertical place in any direction from 35 degrees above to 20 degrees below the horizontal with respect to the lamp H-V axis. This is difficult to accomplish in a large vehicle. Therefore, a separate turn signal is usually mounted on both the road side of the truck and the curb side of the truck. The term road side is used to refer to the driver side of the vehicle and the term curb side is used to mean the passenger side of the vehicle. Specifically, the side turn lamp is mounted behind the front wheel on the road side and the curb side of the vehicle to supplement the forward turn signal lamp.

[0006] SAE J592 (August 2000) and SAE Standard J592e (1972), which relate to sidemarker lamps, defines a sidemarker lamp as a lighting device used to indicate the presence and length of the vehicle when viewed from the side. J592 provides test procedures, requirements and guidelines for sidemarker lamps intended for use on road vehicles less than 2032 mm in overall width.

[0007] Reprinted hereinbelow are the photometric performance requirements for side turn lamps, as recited in Table 1 of J2039, and the photometric performance requirements for sidemarker lamps, as recited in Table 1 of J592e. The entirety of SAE Standard J2039 (May 2001), SAE Standard J592 (August 2000), SAE Standard J592e (1972), and DOT Standard 592e (part of FMVSS 108) are incorporated herein by reference. TABLE 1 SIDE TURN SIGNAL LAMP PHOTOMETRIC PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS⁽¹⁾ Curbside Lamps⁽²⁾ Minimum (Right Hand) Luminous Zone Total Test Point Intensity Luminous Intensity, Zone Degrees Candela⁽³⁾ Candela⁽⁴⁾ 1 35U-45R 12 96    -30R 12 20U-60R 20 10D-60R 20 15D-45R 16 20D-30R 16 2 35U-V 12 98 H-30R 40 H-V 30 20D-V 16 3 20U-75R 20 120 H-45R 50 H-85R 30 5D-75R 20 Maximum Luminous 200 Intensity, Candela⁽⁵⁾ (within the photometric pattern) Maximum Luminous 85L-90L 50 Intensity, Candela⁽⁵⁽⁶⁾⁾ H and above

[0008] TABLE 2 CLEARANCE, SIDE MARKER, AND IDENTIFICATION LAMPS-PHOTOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS SAE J592e⁽¹⁾ Minimum Minimum Minimum Zone Total Luminous Luminous Luminous Luminous Test Points Intensity (cd)⁽²⁾ Intensity (cd)⁽²⁾ Intensity (cd)⁽³⁾ Intensity (cd)⁽³⁾ Zone (degrees) Red Yellow Red Yellow I 10U 0.25 0.62 0.75 1.86 H 45L 0.25 0.62 10D 0.25 0.62 II 10U 0.25 0.62 0.75 1.86 H V 0.25 0.62 10D 0.25 0.62 III 10U 0.25 0.62 0.75 1.86 H 45R 0.25 0.62 10D 0.25 0.62

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009]FIG. 1 is an exploded assembly view of the combined side turn/marker lamp.

[0010]FIG. 2 is a perspective top view of the combined side turn/marker lamp as assembled.

[0011]FIG. 3a is a perspective top view of the side turn/marker lamp with the lens removed and the light directing member removed.

[0012]FIG. 3b is a perspective top view of the side turn/marker lamp without the lens, but including the light directing member.

[0013]FIG. 4a is a top view of the side turn/marker lamp with the lens removed and the light directing member removed.

[0014]FIG. 4b is a top view of the side turn/marker lamp with the lens.

[0015]FIG. 5 is a horizontal cross sectional view of a combined side turn/marker lamp, one embodiment of the invention.

[0016]FIG. 6a is a top perspective view of a light directing member for a side turn/marker lamp mounted on the curbside of a truck.

[0017]FIG. 6b is a top perspective view of a light directing member for a side turn/marker lamp mounted on the roadside of a truck.

[0018]FIG. 7 is a vertical cross section of the side turn/marker lamp illustrating the manner in which the Fresnel rings distribute light.

[0019]FIG. 8 is a ray diagram depicting the path the light emitted from the LED takes when it impinges on the wedge optics.

[0020]FIG. 9 is a horizontal cross sectional view of a combined side turn/marker lamp, illustrating the manner in which the wedge optics and light directing member distribute light.

[0021]FIG. 10a is a rear end view of how light is distributed vertically by the side turn/marker lamp when it is mounted on the side of a truck.

[0022]FIG. 10b is a top view of how light is distributed horizontally by the side turn/marker lamp when it is mounted on the side of a truck.

[0023]FIG. 11 is top plan view of an alternative embodiment with different optics in the lens.

[0024]FIG. 12a is a cross sectional view of an alternative embodiment where the side turn/marker lamp is rectangular.

[0025]FIG. 12b is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment where the side turn/marker lamp is rectangular.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the present invention, references are made in the text hereof to embodiments of a combined side turn/marker vehicular lamp, as some of which are depicted in the drawings. It is nevertheless understood that no limitations of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that modifications such as those involving the type of LED, number of LEDs, geometry of the lamp, shape of the lens, and type and placement of optical elements of the lens, do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Some of these possible modifications are mentioned in the following description. In the embodiments depicted, like reference numerals refer to identical structural elements in the various drawings.

[0027] Moreover, the term “substantially” or “approximately” as used herein may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. For example, a side turn/marker lamp as disclosed herein as having a substantially oval shape might permissibly have a somewhat non-oval shape within the scope of the invention if its capability of functioning as a side turn/marker lamp is not materially altered.

[0028]FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded perspective view of lamp 10, one embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment shown here, lamp 10 functions as a combined side turn/marker lamp for a vehicle. Lamp 10 is shown to include housing 12, lens 11, light directing member 22, first substrate 20, and second substrate 18. Housing 12 is shown to include base 121 and side 122. In the embodiment shown here, first substrate 20 and second substrate 18 are circuit boards. First substrate 20 and second substrate 18 are adapted to engage with housing 12. For example, in the embodiment shown here, the circuit boards are secured to base 121 of housing 12 with epoxy potting. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the first and second substrates may be secured to housing 12 by any suitable means.

[0029] In the embodiment shown here, a first plurality of LEDs 17 are supported by first substrate 20. A second plurality of LEDs 19 a and 19 b are supported by second substrate 18. For example, and more specifically, the embodiment shown comprises three (3) LEDs 17 mounted on first substrate 20, three (3) LEDs 19 a mounted on second substrate 18, and five (5) LEDs 19 b mounted on second substrate 18. Although LEDs 17 and 19 a-19 b can be arranged in a variety of patterns, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, LEDs 17 are arranged linearly on first substrate 20 and LEDs 19 a-19 b are arranged substantially in a rectangle on second substrate 18. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that different numbers of LEDs can be placed on first substrate 20 and on second substrate 18 in order to construct embodiments of the present invention. Moreover, one of ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate that only one substrate, or more than two substrates, can be used in constructing embodiments of the present invention.

[0030]FIG. 2 is a perspective top view of lamp 10 when fully assembled. As shown in FIG. 2, lens 11 has side portion 34 and front wall 35. Lens 11 is adapted to engage with housing 12. For example, side portion 34 can be hermetically sealed to housing 12 to protect lamp 10 against entry of dirt and contaminants. In an alternate embodiment, side portion 34 of lens 11 can be removably secured to housing 12. In the embodiment shown here, housing 12 is made from a polycarbonate material. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate, however, that other materials, including but not limited to acrylic, can be used for housing 12. The coloring of housing 12 may vary. For example, in the embodiment shown here, housing 12 is transparent and tinted amber. However, in alternative embodiments, housing 12 can be translucent or colorless.

[0031] As illustrated in FIGS. 1-2, a plurality of Fresnel rings 14, a plurality of wedge prisms 13 and aspheric convex portion 15 are integrally formed on front wall 35 of lens 11. More specifically, three (3) Fresnel rings 14 are arranged vertically in linear orientation on front wall 35, adjacent to convex portion 15. As further shown in FIGS. 1-2, the remainder of front wall 35 has wedge prisms 13 vertically aligned such that Fresnel rings 14, wedge prisms 13 and aspheric convex portion 15 collectively cover the entire front wall 35. Although not shown here, wedge prisms 13 and Fresnel rings are internal optics formed on the inside face of front wall 35 (see FIGS. 7-8).

[0032] In the embodiment shown here, lens 11 is a one-piece, transparent polycarbonate molding. To allow lamp 10 to function as a side turn/marker lamp, lens 11 is tinted amber. In alternate embodiments, one could employ different colors of polycarbonate, such as red or clear. Moreover, lens 11 could be made from other materials, such as glass. However, one of ordinary skill in the art should readily appreciate that, due to changes in the angle of refraction of glass, the angle and configuration of the optics will differ if glass is used as the material for lens 11 (rather than polycarbonate).

[0033]FIGS. 3a and 3 b show a perspective top view of lamp 10 (without lens 11), with and without light directing member 22, respectively. Referring to FIG. 3a, first substrate 20 and second substrate 18 are adapted to engage with housing 12. As described above, three (3) LEDs 17 are mounted to first substrate 20 and first substrate 20 is a circuit board. As further described above, three (3) LEDs 19 a and five (5) LEDs 19 b are mounted to second substrate 18 and second substrate 18 is a circuit board.

[0034] Referring further to FIGS. 3a-3 b, in one embodiment of the invention first substrate 20 is constructed of a material known by one of ordinary skill in the art to contain heat sink properties. As used herein, a material with heat sink properties is any material that absorbs heat generated by the LEDs and thereby dissipates heat away from the LEDs. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3 b, first substrate 20 is a circuit board containing an aluminum core. In another embodiment, first substrate 20 is made of any material known by one of ordinary skill in the art for constructing circuit boards, but aluminum posts are mounted in close proximity to LEDs 17 to achieve substantially the same heat sinking function. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3 b, second substrate 18 is made out of any material known by one of ordinary skill in the art for constructing circuit boards. One specific example of a material that the circuit board can be made of is fiberglass.

[0035]FIGS. 3a-3 b further illustrates power input module 16 molded in housing 12 and adapted to connect lamp 10 into the electrical system of a vehicle. Referring further to FIGS. 3 a-3 b, housing 12 can serve as a potting tub for lamp 10. For example, in the embodiment shown here, the LEDs and circuit boards are potted with epoxy. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that other potting materials, including but not limited to, urethane or silicone, can be used. This potting protects the component from shock, vibrations, humidity, and dust, while also serving as an additional heat sink.

[0036]FIG. 4a is a top plan view of lamp 10, with lens 11 removed and light directing member 22 removed. FIG. 4b is a top plan view of lamp 10, as assembled, with lens 11. In FIGS. 4a-4 b, lens 11 and housing 12 are shown to be substantially oval-shaped to allow lamp 10 to function as one type of side turn/marker vehicular lamp. As shown here, housing 12 has front portion 12 a, back portion 12 b, top portion 12 c, and bottom portion 12 d. FIGS. 4a-4 b further illustrate longitudinal axis A and vertical axis B. As used herein, longitudinal axis A is defined as the longitudinal axis that divides lamp 10 (or lamp 100, not shown) into two equal parts.

[0037] Referring to FIG. 4a, LEDs 17 supported by first substrate 20 are high flux LEDs. As used herein, a high flux LED is an LED capable of producing a minimum flux of approximately 10 Lumens. In this embodiment, the Luxeon™ LED manufactured by LumiLeds is used. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that other LEDs capable of producing a minimum flux of approximately 10 Lumens can be used as a light source. LEDs 19 a-19 b supported by second substrate 18 are low flux LEDs. As used herein, a low flux LED is an LED capable of producing a minimum flux of approximately 0.1 Lumens. In the embodiment shown here, the SuperFlux™ LED manufactured by Hewlett Packard is used. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that other LEDs capable of producing a minimum flux of approximately 0.1 lumens can be used as a light source.

[0038] Moreover, the combination of three (3) high flux and eight (8) low flux LEDs is not intended as a limitation of the invention since one of ordinary skill in the art should readily appreciate that the number and combinations of LEDs can varied in order to produce alternate embodiments of the invention. For example, in one alternative embodiment, instead of using eight low flux LEDs, a single high flux LED could be used as light source. However, because low flux LEDs use less current than high flux LEDs, the use of low flux LEDs will produce a lower operating temperature and, therefore, greater efficiency.

[0039]FIG. 5 illustrates a cross sectional view of lamp 10 along longitudinal axis A (as shown in FIGS. 4a-4 b). Lamp 10 is shown to include housing 12, lens 11, light directing member 22, first substrate 20, second substrate 18, LEDs 17 and LEDs 19 a-19 b. Light directing member 22 is adapted to be secured within housing 12. For example, in this embodiment, light directing member 22 is removably secured to housing 12 by screw 41 and screw 42. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that other means could be used to secure light directing member 22 within housing 12. For example, light directing element 22 can be secured directly to first substrate 20 by any suitable means.

[0040] Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 5, when lamp 10 is assembled, light directing member 22 is disposed under convex portion 15. Referring further to FIG. 1 and FIG. 5, when when lamp 10 is assembled, LEDs 17 are disposed under convex portion 15 and LEDs 19 a are disposed directly under each of Fresnel rings 14.

[0041]FIG. 6a shows the top perspective view of light directing member 22, as found in lamp 10. In this embodiment, lamp 10 is mounted on the curbside of a vehicle. Accordingly, light directing member 22 is a curbside light directing member. FIG. 6b shows the top perspective view of light directing member 30 used in a side turn lamp (not shown here) that is mounted on the roadside of a vehicle. Accordingly, light directing member 30 is a roadside light directing member. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that light directing member 30 is the mirror image of light directing member 22.

[0042] In the embodiment shown here, light directing members 22 and 30 are constructed of metalized polycarbonate. In alternative embodiments, one of ordinary skill in the art would readily appreciate that the curbside and roadside light directing members could be constructed of a naturally reflective material, or could be coated with other reflective materials, such as white or silver paint, to achieve the same reflective properties as light directing members 22 and 30.

[0043] In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 6a, light directing member 22 comprises three substantially vertical reflective elements 22 a, 22 b, and 22 c. With respect to reflective elements 22 a-c, the surfaces facing toward LEDs 17 (not shown here) function to reflect light emitted from LEDs 17 (see FIG. 9). Light directing member 22 further comprises six horizontal reflective elements 22 d, 22 e, 22 f, 22 g, 22 h, and 22 i. All nine reflective elements, 22 a-22 c and 22 d-22 i are parabolic extruded surfaces. Referring to FIG. 5, the angle between reflective elements 22 a-22 c and reflective elements 22 d-i is α₁. As shown here, α₁ is substantially eighty (80) degrees. Because reflective elements 22 d-22 i are arranged parallel to base 121 of housing 12, it follows that the angle between base 121 and reflective elements 22 a-22 c is also eighty degrees.

[0044] Similarly, light directing member 30, as depicted in FIG. 6b, is comprised of three substantially vertical reflective elements 30 a, 30 b, and 30 c, as well as six horizontal reflective elements 30 d, 30 e, 30 f, 30 g, 30 h, and 30 i. All nine reflective elements, 30 a-30 c and 30 d-30 i are parabolic extruded surfaces. Again, with respect to reflective elements 30 a-30 c, the surfaces facing toward LEDs 17 (not shown here) function to reflect light emitted from LEDs 17. Vertical reflective elements 30 a-30 c are at an angle α₁ to horizontal reflective elements 30 d-30 i, α₁ being substantially eighty (80) degrees.

[0045] With respect to both light directing member 22 and light directing member 30, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the light directing member can function to redirect light even if the angle between the substantially vertical reflective elements and the horizontal reflective elements is changed. Moreover, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the reflective surfaces could assume many geometrical shapes and still function to redirect light emitted from the LEDs. Additionally, one of ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate that different numbers of reflective surfaces could be used to redirect light emitted from the LEDs.

[0046] In the embodiment shown herein, the nine reflective surfaces comprising light directing members 22 and 30 were constructed using a Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) CAD modeling program, Rhinoceros 2.0 (McNeel Associates, 2001). The photometric effect of each of the reflective surfaces was determined using an optic analysis program, Advanced Systems Analysis Program 7.0.6 (Breaut Research Organization, 2001). The final surface information then was modeled into a solid, adding thickness and additional mechanical details, using Unigraphics 16.0.4, a geometric, parasolid modeler that supports solid modeling.

[0047] In an alternative embodiment, the light directing members (not shown) do not include the six horizontal reflective elements, only the three substantially vertical reflective elements. In this embodiment, the light directing member (not shown) in a side turn lamp performs the function of redirecting light emitted by LEDs by using only the substantially vertical reflective elements. This alternative embodiment is constructed in the same manner as described above. An additional alternative embodiment of the light directing members (not shown) utilizes segmented reflectors to perform the function of redirecting light. This embodiment is constructed using ReflectorCAD 1.5 (Breault Research Organization, 2001).

[0048]FIG. 7 is a vertical cross section of lamp 10 along line B (as illustrated in FIGS. 4a-4 b). FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic representation of the manner in which light, emitted from LEDs 19 a disposed directly under each of Fresnel rings 14, is distributed by Fresnel rings 14 when lamp 10 is mounted on a vehicle. As shown in FIG. 7, in this embodiment, Fresnel rings 14 are integrally formed on the inside surface of lens 11. Light rays 25 a emitted from LEDs 19 a impinge on the inside surface of Fresnel rings 14 and are refracted to form light rays 25 b. Light rays 25 b travel through lens 11 and impinge on the outside surface of lens 11 and are refracted to form light rays 25 c. In this way, Fresnel rings 14 function to collimate the light emitted from each of the three LEDs 19 a and provide a uniform light distribution in a circular pattern around the center of lamp 10. More specifically, Fresnel rings 14 distribute the light emitted from LEDs 19 a approximately ten (10) degrees above and below longitudinal axis A, and approximately ten (10) degrees left and right of LEDs 19 a (along longitudinal axis A).

[0049]FIG. 8 illustrates a blown-up schematic representation of the manner in which light emitted from LEDs 19 a-b is distributed by wedge optics 13. As shown in FIG. 8, in this embodiment, wedge optics 13 are integrally formed on the inside surface of lens 11. Light rays 26 a emitted from LEDs 19 a-b impinge on the inside surface of wedge optics 13 and are refracted to form light rays 26 b. Light rays 26 b travel through lens 11 and impinge on the outside surface of lens 11 and are refracted to form light rays 26 c. In this way, wedge optics 13 function to distribute the light emitted from LEDs 19 a-b substantially forty-five (45) degrees left and right to allow lamp 10 to satisfy marker lamp functions.

[0050]FIG. 9 illustrates the manner in which light directing member 22 reflects and redirects a portion of the light emitted from LEDs 17 as indirect light rays. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, light rays 31 a emitted from LEDs 17 contact the inside surface of vertical reflective surfaces 22 a-c and are reflected to form indirect light rays 31 b. Indirect light rays 31 b then impinge upon the inside surface of convex lens 15 and are refracted to form light rays 31 c. Finally, light rays 31 c travel through convex lens 15, impinge upon the outside surface of convex lens 15 and are refracted to form light rays 31 d. FIG. 9 further illustrates that the portion of the light emitted from LEDs 17 that does not contact light directing member 22 is projected outward as direct light. More specifically, light rays 32 a emitted from LEDs 17 are projected outward toward convex lens 15. Direct light rays 32 a impinge upon the inside surface of convex lens 15 and are refracted to form light rays 32 b. Finally, light rays 32 b travel through convex portion 15, impinge upon the outside surface of convex portion 15 and are refracted to form light rays 32 c. In this way, light directing member 22 functions to project the light emitted from LEDs 17 to back portion 12 b of lamp 10. Finally, FIG. 9 also illustrates the manner in which light emitted from LEDs 19 b is distributed by wedge optics 13 to form light rays 26 c.

[0051]FIG. 10a is a rear end view of how light is distributed vertically by lamp 10, a curbside side turn/marker lamp, when lamp 10 is mounted on the curbside side of vehicle 50. FIG. 10a also illustrates how light is distributed vertically by lamp 100, an alternate embodiment of a roadside side turn/marker lamp, when lamp 100 is mounted on the roadside of vehicle 50. As shown here, Fresnel rings 14 collimate the light from LEDs 19 and provide a uniform light distribution θ₅ above and below longitudinal axis A (as shown in FIGS. 4a-4 b) of lamp 10 and lamp 100. As discussed above, θ₅ is substantially twenty (20) degrees (10 degrees above and below longitudinal axis A). One of ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate that other types of collimating optics that can provide a uniform light distribution above and below longitudinal axis A of lamp 10 (or lamp 100) could be used.

[0052]FIG. 10b is a top view of how light is distributed horizontally by lamp 10 when lamp 10 is mounted on the side of vehicle 50. FIG. 10b illustrates the distribution pattern that results when the light emitted from LEDs 19 impinges on wedge optics 13. The light is fanned outward along longitudinal axis A of lamp 10 at an angle θ₁ that is substantially forty-five (45) degrees toward front portion 12 a and substantially forty-five (45) degrees toward back portion 12 b. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that different types of optics, which are capable of spreading light in a manner similar to wedges optics 13, could be used in other embodiments of the combined side turn/marker lamp.

[0053] Referring to FIG. 10b, light directing member 22 redirects the light and causes the light emitted from LEDs 17 to be projected at an angle θ₂ that is substantially five (5) degrees to substantially ninety (90) degrees along the horizontal plane toward back portion 12 b of housing 12. Additionally, referring to FIG. 10a, light directing member 22 causes the light emitted from high light flux LEDs 17 to be projected at an angle θ₃ that is substantially 35 degrees above longitudinal axis A and at an angle θ₄ that is substantially twenty degrees below longitudinal axis A.

[0054] In effect, as shown in FIGS. 10a-10 b, the combination of Fresnel rings 14 and light directing member 22 projects light to the rear of a vehicle and into a side-turn pattern. Moreover, the distribution pattern generated by Fresnel rings 14 and wedge optics 13 allow for lamp 10 to perform the side marker function pursuant to the SAE J592 Standard for marker lamps.

[0055] A person of ordinary skill in the art would readily appreciate that changing the number and arrangement of LEDs could eliminate the need for all or some of the optics in the lens, require additional optics, or require the optics to be placed elsewhere in order for the combined side turn/marker lamp to meet the J592 standard pertaining to side marker lamps. For example, FIG. 11 illustrates a top plan view of lamp 200, an alternative embodiment of the side turn/marker lamp, in which lens 110 comprises convex lens 150 and wedge prism optics 130, but does not include any Fresnel ring optics.

[0056] Moreover, as illustrated in FIGS. 1-4, lens 11 and housing 12 are substantially oval-shaped to allow lamp 10 to function as one type of side turn/marker vehicular lamp. In an alternative embodiment shown in FIGS. 12a and 12 b, lamp 300 is shown to include lens 311 and housing 312. In this embodiment, lens 311 and housing 312 are substantially rectangular to comprise a second type of side turn/marker vehicular lamp. Similar to lamp 10, lens 311 is shown to include Fresnel rings 314, convex portion 315 and wedge optics 315. As illustrated in FIGS. 12a-12 b, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that other housing and lens shapes can be utilized to construct a combined side turn/marker lamp without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A lamp, comprising: a housing having a base; at least one planar substrate, each of said at least one planar substrate adapted to engage with said housing; a plurality of light sources supported by each of said at least one planar substrate; a lens, adjacent to said plurality of light sources; and a light directing member operatively arranged to reflect light emitted from said plurality of light sources, wherein said light directing member produces a light distribution pattern spanning substantially five degrees to substantially ninety degrees in one direction along the longitudinal axis of said lamp.
 2. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein said light directing member produces a light distribution pattern spanning substantially 35 degrees above the longitudinal axis of said lamp and substantially 20 degrees below the longitudinal axis of said lamp.
 3. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein each of said at least one planar substrate is disposed substantially parallel to said base.
 4. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein said light directing member reflects only some of the total light produced by said plurality of light sources.
 5. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein said light directing member comprises at least one first reflective surface.
 6. The lamp according to claim 5 wherein each of said at least one first reflective surface is operatively disposed at an angle substantially eighty degrees from said base.
 7. The lamp according to claims 5 wherein each of said at least one first reflective surface is generally parabolic in shape.
 8. The lamp according to claim 5 wherein said light directing member further comprises at least one second reflective surface.
 9. The lamp according to claim 8 where each of said at least one second reflective surface is operatively disposed parallel to said base.
 10. The lamp according to claim 8 where each of said at least one second reflective surface is generally parabolic in shape.
 11. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of light sources is a light emitting diode.
 12. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein each of said at least one planar substrate is a circuit board.
 13. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein said plurality of light sources comprises three light emitting diodes capable of emitting a minimum flux of approximately 10 Lumens.
 14. The lamp according to claim 13 wherein said plurality of light sources further comprises eight light emitting diodes capable of emitting a minimum flux of approximately 0.1 Lumens.
 15. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein said lens comprises a plurality of wedge optics.
 16. The lamp according to claim 15 wherein said lens further comprises a plurality of Fresnel rings.
 17. A lamp, comprising: a housing having a base; a first planar substrate adapted to engage with said housing and disposed substantially parallel to said base, said first planar substrate supporting a first plurality of light sources; a light directing member adapted to be secured to said base, said light directing member comprising a first plurality of reflective surfaces; wherein each of said first plurality of reflective surfaces is generally parabolic and operatively aligned with each of said first plurality of light sources to reflect light emitted from said first plurality of light sources.
 18. The lamp according to claim 17 wherein said first plurality of reflective surfaces are operatively disposed at an angle substantially eighty degrees from said base.
 19. The lamp according to claim 18 wherein said light directing member further comprises a second plurality of reflective surfaces, wherein each of said second plurality of reflective surfaces is generally parabolic and operatively disposed parallel to said base.
 20. The lamp according to claim 17 where each of said first plurality of light sources is a light emitting diode capable of emitting a minimum flux of substantially 10 Lumens.
 21. The lamp according to claim 17 further comprising a second planar substrate adapted to engage with said housing and disposed substantially parallel to said base, said second planar substrate supporting a second plurality of light sources.
 22. The lamp according to claim 21 where said second plurality of light sources comprises eight light sources arranged substantially in a rectangle.
 23. The lamp according to claim 22 where each of said second plurality of light sources is a light emitting diode capable of emitting a minimum flux of 0.1 Lumens.
 24. The lamp according to claim 21 further comprising a lens adjacent to said first and said second plurality of light sources.
 25. The lamp according to claim 24 wherein said lens comprises a plurality of wedge optics.
 26. The lamp according to claim 25 wherein said lens further comprises a plurality of Fresnel rings. 